Готовая контрольная работа

Task: read and translate the following text.

England is almost unique in having two different kinds of lawyers, with separate jobs in the legal system. This division of the legal profession is of long standing and each branch has its own characteristic functions as well as a separate gove
ing body. The training and career structures for the two types of lawyers are quite separate.
The traditional picture of the English lawyer is that the solicitor is the general practitioner, confined mainly to the office. If a person has a legal problem he will go to a solicitor and seek his advice in a personal interview. There is no end to variety of matters which can appear on a solicitor’s desk. They deal with all the day-to-day work of preparing legal documents for buying and selling houses, making wills, writing legal letters, they do the legal work involved in conveyancing, probate, divorce. Solicitors work on court cases for their clients outside the court, they prepare a case for barristers to present in the higher courts and the barrister receives it in the form of a brief from which he plans his advocacy in the particular case. In a civil action solicitors have the
right to speak in the lowest Courts when the case is one of divorce, recovering some debts, matrimonial matters, petty crimes.
Law Society1 is a gove
ing body of solicitors. To qualify as a solicitor a young man joins a practicing solicitor as a “clerk” and works for him whilst studying part time for the Law Society exams. When you have passed all the necessary exams, you may apply to the Law Society to be “admitted”, then you can start business on your own. It is not necessary for you to go to university.
In England, the decision is between becoming a barrister or a solicitor. Although solicitors and barristers work together on cases barristers specialize in representing clients in court. A barrister can only be consulted indirectly, through a solicitor. Thus they are not paid directly by clients, but are employed by solicitors. Most barristers are professional advocates but it is a mistake to regard a barrister entirely as an advocate. A barrister must be capable of prosecuting in a criminal case one day, and defending an accused person the next.

Word Study

Ex. 1. How are the following ideas expressed in the text?

1. a lawyer who has the right of speaking and arguing in the higher courts of law;
2. a kind of lawyer who gives advice, appears in lower courts;
3. allowed or made by law;
4. a room or building in which law cases can be heard and judged;
5. questions to be decided in a court of law;
6. a rule that is supported by the power of gove
ment and that gove
s the behaviour of members of a society;
7. a person whose business is to advise people about laws and to represent them in court;
8. a person who speaks in defence of or in favour of another person;
9. a lawyer who prepares an official paper by which the right to ownership of one’s
property is given by one person to another;
10. a person who pays a professional person for help and advice;
11. a public official who has the power to decide questions brought before a court of law.

Ex. 2. Match English and Russian equivalents.

1. matrimonial matters; a) быть профессиональным адвокатом;
2. petty crimes; b) защищать обвиняемого;
3. recovery of debts; c) незначительные преступления;
4. to make a will; d) составлять завещание;
5. to deal with conveyancing; e) искать юридического совета;
6. to seek legal advice; f) толкование закона;
7. to apply to the court; g) иметь дело с составлением нотариальн актов
8. a civil action; h) возврат долгов;
9. a general practitioner; i) брачные (супружеские) вопросы;

Ex. 3. Choose the best alte
ative to complete the following sentences.

1. England is almost unique / ordinary in having two / three different kinds of lawyers, with separate / the same jobs in the legal system.
2. Solicitors / managing clerks prepare a case for a barrister / a judge.
3. In a civil / criminal action solicitors have the right to speak in the lowest / highestcourts.
4. Law Society / the Bar is a gove
ing body of solicitors.
5. It is a mistake to regard / to point a barrister entirely as an advocate / prosecutor.
6. Barristers are experts in the interpretation / examining of the Law.
7. Judges are usually chosen / appointed from the most senior / junior barristers.
8. The Queen’s Counsel / the Lord Chancellor is expected to appear only in the most important / trivial cases.
9. A number of lawyers is rapidly increasing / cutting down in England and Wales.
10. A lot of work in solicitors’/barristers’ offices is undertaken by legal executives /students.

Ex. 4. Complete the following sentences by adding the phrases given in part B.

Part A

1. England is almost unique .....
2. Each branch of legal profession has .....
3. A general practitioner, confined mainly to the office ...
4. The solicitors deal with preparing .....
5. The solicitor has the right to speak in the Lowest Courts when ....
6. The barrister plans his advocacy .....
7. A young man joins a practicing solicitor as a clerk .....
8. When you have passed all the necessary exams and you are admitted to the Law Society .....
9. Barristers specialize .....
10. A barrister must be capable .....
11. Barristers are .....